Trouver un emploi dans la fonction publique : guide complet 2024

Voici un article complet et détaillé sur le sujet demandé, structuré selon vos besoins et adapté à un métier précis (exemple : agent administratif de la fonction publique). Vous pouvez remplacer « [métier] » par le poste en question (par exemple enseignant, policier, infirmière, etc.) et ajustez les détails en conséquence.

Trouver un emploi dans la fonction publique : guide complet 2024

Vous rêvez d’entrer dans la fonction publique en tant que [métier] ? Que vous soyez un jeune diplômé, en changement de carrière ou à la recherche d’un emploi stable, ce guide explique toutes les voies d’accèsLe conditions à remplirLe principales étapes du recrutement et le stratégies pour maximiser vos chances.

Nous couvrirons: ✅ Les différents modes d’accès (concours, recrutement direct, formation, alternance). ✅ Conditions d’éligibilité (diplômes, âge, nationalité, compétences médicales). ✅ Le processus de recrutement (dates des concours, épreuves, candidatures spontanées). ✅ Comment bien se préparer (formation, ressources, CV, entretien). ✅ Où trouver les offres (sites officiels, job boards, réseaux). ✅ Conseils pratiques pour éviter les erreurs et réussir votre intégration.

Si vous visez fonction publique étatique, territoriale ou hospitalièreou si vous envisagez une carrière dans secteur privéce guide vous donnera script clair pour 2024-2025.

1. Aperçu du métier de [métier] et voies d’accès

Quel est le métier de [métier] ?

Le métier de [métier] se compose de [décrire brièvement les missions principales, ex. : gérer des dossiers administratifs, assurer la sécurité publique, enseigner, soigner, etc.]. Selon le secteur (public ou privé), les responsabilités et les conditions de travail peuvent varier.

Exemples de secteurs employeurs :

  • Fonction publique de l’État (ministères, mairies, éducation nationale).
  • Fonction publique territoriale (mairies, départements, régions).
  • Fonction publique hospitalière (hôpitaux, maisons de retraite).
  • Secteur privé (entreprises, associations, sociétés spécialisées).

Les principales voies d’accès

Voie d’accès Publique Privé Détails
Concours ✅ Oui ❌ Non Obligatoire pour la plupart des postes de la fonction publique (catégories A, B, C).
Recrutement sans concours ✅ Oui (contrats, PEC, etc.) ✅ Oui CDD, CDI ou programmes comme ENGAGEMENT (Parcours d’accès aux carrières territoriales, hôtelières et étatiques).
Formation initiale ✅ Oui ✅ Oui Diplômes requis (Bac, Bac+2, Bac+3, etc.) selon le poste.
Requalification (VAE, CPF) ✅ Oui ✅ Oui Validation des Acquis de l’Expérience (VAE) ou formation financée par le CPF.
Alternance/Apprentissage ✅ Oui ✅ Oui Contrats de professionnalisation ou d’apprentissage (ex : CAP Petite Enfance pour l’ATSEM).

Veuillez noter:

  • LE fonction publique faveurs concoursmais certains postes (notamment en catégorie C) sont accessibles sans diplôme via recrutement direct.
  • LE secteur privé recrute principalement de CV et entretienparfois avec des exigences moindres en matière de diplôme ou d’expérience.

2. Conditions et prérequis pour devenir [métier]

Avant de commencer, assurez-vous d’avoir complété le critères d’éligibilité. Ceux-ci varient selon le statut (public/privé) et le niveau du poste.

Conditions générales (service public)

✔ Nationalité :

  • Française pour la plupart des compétitions (avec des exceptions pour les citoyens de l’UE dans certains cas).
  • UE/EEE/Suisse pour certains postes territoriaux ou hospitaliers.

✔ Âge :

  • 16 ans au moins (18 ans pour certaines professions réglementées, comme la police ou la gendarmerie).
  • Aucune limite d’âge pour la plupart des compétitions (sauf exceptions comme la police nationale ou l’armée).

✔ Diplôme :

  • Catégorie A : Bac+3 minimum (licence, master).
  • Catégorie B : Bac à Bac+2 (BTS, DUT).
  • Catégorie C : Sans diplôme (ou CAP/BEP selon les postes).

✔ Aptitude médicale :

  • Consultation médicale obligatoire pour certaines professions (pompiers, policiers, agents de surveillance).
  • Tests psychotechniques pour les professions à risque (par exemple contrôleur aérien).

✔ Casier judiciaire :

  • Bulletin vierge n° 2 pour des postes en contact avec des mineurs ou des personnes sensibles (ex : enseignant, policier).

Conditions pour le secteur privé

  • Diplôme : Souvent obligatoire, mais certaines entreprises recrutent en expérience ou compétences.
  • Expérience : Un avantage, notamment pour les postes à responsabilités.
  • Compétences interpersonnelles : Adaptabilité, travail d’équipe, gestion du stress (selon le poste).

Exemple concret :
Devenir agent administratif territorial (catégorie B)il faut :

  • Etre de nationalité française ou européenne.
  • Avoir un Baccalauréat ou équivalent (ou avoir 3 ans d’expérience professionnelle).
  • Succès concurrence externe/interne ou être recruté dans Contrat à durée déterminée via PACTE.

3. Le processus de recrutement : concours ou candidature spontanée ?

A. Si vous visez le service public : la concurrence

1. Types de compétitions

Type de compétition Public concerné Niveau requis Exemple
de plein air Candidats sans expérience publique Diplôme correspondant Concours d’assistante administrative (cat. C)
Interne Fonctionnaires avec ancienneté Expérience professionnelle Concours interne d’éditeur territorial (cat. B)
3ème exemplaire Candidats ayant une expérience associative/bénévole Conditions particulières Accès à certains postes territoriaux

2. Calendrier et inscriptions (2024-2025)

Les dates varient selon les ministères et les communautés. Voici les périodes principales :

Concours Période d’inscription Dates des examens Nom des lieux (estimé)
Assistante administrative (État) Septembre – novembre 2024 Janvier – mars 2025 ~5 000 postes
Editeur territorial Mars – mai 2024 Juin – juillet 2024 ~2 000 postes
infirmière d’hôpital Octobre – décembre 2024 Février – avril 2025 ~3 500 postes

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3. Les épreuves du concours

Les compétitions comprennent généralement:

  • Tests écrits : QCM, dissertation, cas pratiques.
  • Épreuves orales : Entretien avec un jury, dramatisation.
  • Tests physiques (pour les métiers comme policier ou pompier).

Exemple pour un concours de catégorie C (assistant administratif) :

  1. CMQ (Français, mathématiques, culture générale).
  2. Test d’écriture (résumé du texte ou réponse à une question).
  3. Entretien oral (motivation, connaissance du métier).

B. Si vous ciblez le secteur privé : candidatures spontanées et offres d’emploi

1. Où trouver des offres ?

2. Comment postuler efficacement ?

  • programme d’études adapté :
    • Pour utiliser Mots-clés ATS (ex : « gestion administrative », « accueil du public »).
    • Accent expériences et compétences liés au poste.
  • Lettre de motivation personnalisée :
    • Montre que tu sais l’employeur et ses besoins.
    • Exemple : « Votre collectivité recherche un agent polyvalent pour renforcer l’accueil du public ; mon expérience en [X] me permet de répondre à cette attente.
  • Entretien :
    • Préparer réponses structurées (Méthode STAR: Situation, Tâche, Action, Résultat).
    • Anticipez des questions comme « Pourquoi ce travail? » ou «Comment gérez-vous le stress?».

4. Comment se préparer efficacement ?

A. Formation et ressources recommandées

Entraînement Durée Coût Corps
Préparation au concours (CNED) 6-12 mois 300-800 € CNED
BTS Gestion Administrative 2 ans Gratuit (lycée public) Lycées professionnels
Licence Professionnelle des Métiers de l’Administration 1 un ~200€/an (université) Universités

Fonctionnalités gratuites:

B. Conseils pour réussir

✔ Planifiez votre préparation :

  • Commencer 6 mois avant la compétition pour les épreuves écrites.
  • Faire Annales (disponible sur les sites officiels).

✔ Optimisez votre CV et votre lettre de motivation :

  • CV : 1 page maximum, légère et aérée.
  • Lettre : 3 paragraphes (vous → le poste → l’employeur).

✔ Préparez-vous à l’entretien :

  • FAUX avec un proche ou un coach.
  • Habillez-vous professionnellement (même en vidéo).

✔ Réseau :

  • Pour rassembler Groupes LinkedIn (ex : « Fonction publique territoriale – Emploi »).
  • Participer salons de recrutement (ex.: Salon public de l’emploi).

5. Alternatives et conseils pour commencer

A. Si vous ne réussissez pas le concours

  • Recrutement contractuel : Postes à durée déterminée dans la fonction publique (ex. : ENGAGEMENT).
  • Intérim public : Par l’intermédiaire d’agences telles que Public Randstad ou Adecco Médical.
  • Recyclage : Utilisez votre CPF pour une formation certifiée.

B. Erreurs à éviter

❌ Négliger les délais : Les inscriptions au concours se terminent tôt. ❌ Soumettre un CV générique : Personnaliser pour chaque application. ❌ Sous-estimer le discours : Beaucoup échouent à l’entretien par manque de préparation.

C. Perspectives de développement

Une fois positionné, vous pourrez :

  • Réussir les concours internes pour grimper au classement.
  • Suivre une formation continue (ex : CNFPT pour les territoires).
  • Changer de secteur (par exemple de l’État au territoire).

Conclusion : votre plan d’action pour 2024

Voici les principales étapes ci-dessous selon votre situation :

  1. Vérifiez votre éligibilité (diplôme, nationalité, âge).
  2. Choisissez votre chemin (concours, recrutement direct, formation).
  3. Se préparer (analyse, formation, CV).
  4. Appliquer (inscription à des concours ou candidatures en ligne).
  5. Réseau et faire le suivi auprès des recruteurs.

Rappel important :

  • LE dates de compétition changer chaque année → consulter le sites officiels régulièrement.
  • LE secteur public offre stabilitémais le la concurrence est forte (exemple : 10 candidats pour 1 poste vacant en catégorie A).
  • LE secteur privé peut-être plus flexiblemais moins sûr.

Avec méthode et persévérancevous maximiserez vos chances de décrocher un poste en tant que [métier]. Bonne chance avec votre projet!

Merci d’avoir lu cet article. Youpijobs est la plateforme qui vous permet de postuler automatiquement au poste de vos rêves à moindre coût.

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130 commentaires

    • I really hate to say it but AI already is the HR rep, I’ll never forget when I applied for a picking & sorting position back in 2022 and was interviewed over the phone by an AI bot that sounded like the original IBM Watson voice!

    • Don’t hate to say it. You’re right. Don’t feel bad to say it.

      As much as I’ve enjoyed this channel at times, I’ve found entirely too much apologetics for HR and recruiters here over this past year.

      What was once a « hey, this guy ‘gets it’ and wants to help job seekers by outing deceptive practices on the part of HR and recruiters, some of his own folks » has walked that back now.

      I hope that in growing his channel, the owner doesn’t stay the current course as 2026 isn’t sizing up to be anything if not worse for job seekers.

      Doesn’t mean there aren’t a lot of folks trying all manner of scams themselves to try to « get an edge » and they are hurting others chances just as much…maybe he could focus on both ends instead of mostly apologizing for the unconscionable acts of HR, hiring managers and recruiters.

    • ​@MarceloLopezJrwhen he condemned Luigi Mangione, that was the final straw for me. Bryan is just protecting his own

    • @MarceloLopezJrfunny how no one likes HR and now Recruiters are below them. It’s all retribution. 2020, who were the FIRST TO BE LAID OFF, recruiters. Now they have made themselves grandiose so they are indispensable. . . .

      You don’t need a college degree to be a recruiter yet they make themselves appear as some of the most valuable employees. WTF. They are literally a glorified receptionist.

    • oh my god that’s awful how do you manage to support yourself i hope you get back in the game soon

  4. 26:00: Mind you, the statistics that Brian is displaying here are primarily discussing workers who are *_ALREADY_* experts in their domain of knowledge. If you have not already gained at least practitioner-level skill with programming (or whatever your domain of expertise is) and try to employ AI, you will get your ₳$$ kicked.

  5. It needs to be pointed out that: 1. the unemployment rate counts only those on unemployment benefits in their state. Once depleted, they fall off the counted numbers. 2. The media and fed kept companies confused about the economy – not to mention if tariffs worked. So companies have been hesitant to hire.

    • Companies haven’t been confused, it’s wilful ignorance. They know but shining a spotlight on the dysfunction will spook investors.

    • Also, some people don’t file for unemployment after layoff. They might be optimistic enough about the job market to think their non-IRA/401k savings can sustain them for the few months they think they’ll be jobless. That’d be another reason for seemingly “average/no worse than pre-pandemic years” numbers.

    • ​@Kitt_the_Katttargeted tarriffs work. This global tariff BS in a free trade economy may as well be setting the forest on fire and wondering why everyone is panicking.

  7. This is a great video. I was laid off in 2013 and 2017. In both instances, I found employment within 90 days of being unemployed. I lost my job the start of 2024 and I am STILL out of work.

    • Me too. My last company shut down in 2022, and been unemployed ever since. Just been barely surviving off disability because I lost my leg last year, but that makes it worse in terms of seeking employment. What makes it worse is I had just graduated last year.

    • ​@Dryloch Also curious about that. I was pretty much desperate after just three months from being laid off because that was the extent of employment offered for my state (and it only paid about $800 a month. My rent was about $1000 a month. Only because the vehicle I had at that time was paid off was I able to not completely sink).

  8. i have absolutely no faith in the 2026 job market, i can see a lot of people who are desperate for work just giving up and getting unemployment welfare because companies aren’t interested in workers.

    • Me either. I’m personally hoping the AI bubble pops next year to shatter the illusion that e’re in a great economy.

    • ​@pass.up89how long can you keep that up for, people need work not just for money but a sense of purpose in life. I hope you can find that in fishing 🎣🦦

    • Unemployment only lasts up to 26 weeks from the date of being laid off. If anybody who was laid off prior to say August, and don’t have a job by February 1st 2026 they are going to be in serious financial trouble FAST. A lot of people who were laid off in 2024 and earlier in 2025 burned through unemployment and are still unemployed.

  11. Most jobs with low employment rates in the US (including UK and AU) are jobs that can be outsourced to countries like Philippines and Asia. They say it is AI but it really depends if you can incorporate AI to your business.

    Here in the Philippines (yes, I live here), we do have many jobs and gigs available like programming, accounting, project management, customer service, and relative white collar jobs that are available all the time. Businesses prefer this because they can pay $5/hr minimum up to the state’s minimum wage (or more) for hiring freelancers or freelancing agencies. And yes, $5/hr is the minimum. If you pay less than that, you can get a lot of flak from other freelancers.

  12. Actually, I think that even for « boring, repetitive » tasks, AI is going to fall apart, because YOU CANNOT RELY ON ITS ACCURACY. You can’t tell when it starts hallucinating and making-up stuff.

    • As a human, if we hallucinate, we get sent for a drug test. And making stuff up gets us fired. AI will keep getting second chances…

  13. Most important thing to take note of is with hospitality and tourism jobs they’re very low pay, offer little to no benefits, and have very high turnover. You’re on your feet all day and will be broken down physically and mentally by the time you’re laid off. So that could be why they haven’t had as big a drop in that area of work compared to every other job Brian went over.

    • @grandma-br9qg Because companies only need to invest half of what they would pay a full time worker with benefits. They’ll cut more costs by dictating hours based on how many customers buy tickets, and if the weather is rainy they’ll cut many shifts. I’ve spent 2-3 years working in hospitality because they’re the only jobs that hire quickly, and it really freakin sucks. But I need the money to pay off my student loans.

    • Hospitality has a huge turnover rate. Not only that, hotels are bought and sold often, meaning layoffs.

    • And you get tired of being nice to a bunch of asshole people, edpecislly as a server!🫣

    • @cdiz765Pelosi is 85 and Joe Biden is 83. I suspect that Pelosi will retire soon. Biden (and his wife) didn’t want to retire despite the fact that Joe was clearly suffering from dementia and cannot find his way offstage much less run the country.

    • ​@picklerix616280 million people voted for a 79 year old, yet at 48 we are too old and ancient for corporate america

    • @MrAmc1291 YES…Unless you are burned out and literally have no fu**s left to give, and do not care about keeping bills paid once you run out of money. If I lost my current $23/hr job I would be completely broke inside of 120 days and I have some money saved up in an IRA. I figure I would burn through it in 4 months. Unemployment takes 1-3 months to even start paying out, and it’s a small amount of money. It’s 40% to 50% of what you were earning with a max pay out of $450 to $585 per week depending on the state you live in. You also have to spend time filling in 5 employers every week you contacted PERSONALLY by phone or in person list the person you talked to. It’s very mundane, and hard to get in touch with employers every week in order to keep benefits. Some people lie and just fill in random names though and hope they don’t get checked upon that week. Of course if you quit your job you won’t qualify for any unemployment.

  17. 3:26 what’s a mystery…. Jobs that hire you as a FT (40hr) employee… then slowly start decreasing your hours

  18. I had a job interview with US Bank last week. I have been working in my current job since last September. Tough job market in 2025.

    • « It depends’ is almost always the correct answer. Planning fixes most problems regarding college and career connection.

    • That’s a generalized statement. If you get your degree in history, criminal justice, communications, fine arts, etc, then you’re cooked! Get if you’re going to get a degree, get a degree that pays more than you take out for your degree.

  20. I was laid off in late July and got a job offer right before Christmas to start late January. I was able to get consistent interviews ( under 60 applications, 10 companies interviewing me, 3 3rd rounds, 1 offer), but it’s clear to me the market is deeply bifurcated.

    I noticed that unless I applied to jobs that were narrowly focused on what my past experience could tie to very precisely, I struggled to get any interviews. This is a terrible market to do any sort of career transitions or begin since entry level jobs seem to be receiving the most competition while also being eliminated the most due to AI and restructuring. As usual, the market seems to favor incumbents and penalize newcomers or people trying to break into new careers. If you’re mid career and have a specialty in an area with relatively stable growth you’re probably fine but that’s a lot of ifs

    • Wait till you hit the age discrimination bracket, it’s hell they call you gramps at work from your same race!🤭

    • The problem is that is not the experience being experienced. I have 8 years Big4 consulting with 2 years in silicon valley doing technical product management and cant even land an interview when Im 100% an easy fit. Ive decided to take a $30k pay cut. How did I lost my job?- 2 H1Bs decided to slander me in a performance review so they could replace me with… H1Bs. Thanks Deloitte

  23. If you haven’t ever been through a layoff, you’ll be that person on the 6pm news when the factory closes, stuttering about « this is the only job I had for the last 30 years…I don’t know what to do »

    • I also understand it, though. Maybe they like the area or there aren’t many other jobs around. Maybe they are close to friends and family (the former being something more and more adults are struggling with making). Maybe they have kids and don’t want to uproot them or a partner who loves their job and doesn’t want to move. And of course, there is complacency and not wanting to rock the boat/fix what isn’t broken. Some still hold on to the notion that companies are loyal to employees and that if you are loyal to them, they’ll take care of you (this also could mean they had a pension in the works…and the company likely saw that as an issue and laid people off to avoid paying it out).

      Everyone says to strategically job hop but what if you truly like where you’re already at? It’s unfortunate that such a sentiment is now a career death sentence.

  25. After a decade in my current accounts receivable role, I will be laid off in April/May 2026. However, I recently obtained my finance degree in August 2025 from WGU, so I’m now trying to transition into a finance/business analyst position. What a time to be trying to get a job in! Wish me luck! 😱🥶😂

  26. I was so fortunate to try a software internship to realize I hated coding all day. Went EE instead and work for a company that barely does layoffs.

  27. It’s sad that this year is worse. I’m not sure if it’s gonna get any better for next year.

    • Yeah I think we will legit see an uprising if there aren’t enough jobs for people to work

  28. I feel like we will see a huge rise in self employment in the coming years with the utter clown show that corporations have become.

  29. I sensed that there are going to be layoffs going on soon at my company so I quit. A few months later, they opened up many positions, I applied and got hired. Don’t know whether to laugh or cry.

  30. hmmm this explains y i havent been able to find anything as a software developer, dead market

  31. Why are you never F*CKING furious, Brian? Every decision that has eroded the job market in the last five years has been consciously and willfully made to line a greedy billionaire’s pocket, yet no matter how far they go, you’ve never said anything to the effect of « these people are monsters and I hate them. »

    • ​@ALifeAfterLayoff Concern? We’re well past concern, Brian. This isn’t a job market anymore. This is class warfare, and optimizing your LinkedIn profile achieves less than nothing.

    • I appreciate that Brian isn’t a negative Nancy. Who does that help? He gives real information with real solutions a lot of the time…why should be have to yell on the screen for you to enjoy his content?

    • ​@pinkva23There’s a difference between negativity and anger. I think this moment calls for anger.

    • @martinjohnson1534 I say this respectfully, but you’ve been quite angry on here for a long time, and while I appreciate your perspective, do you feel this anger helps or holds you back?

  32. I really hope I can get a better job in 2026. Went through two layoffs and the only thing I can get pays peanuts.

  33. I’m glad you spoke of how unrealistic it is for all people to fit all jobs. I understand there’s a demand for teaching and nursing at which I’d be horrible. Yes, we should want the best people for this!

    It has actually been a surprisingly productive year for me. I say surprisingly because the job just kinda fell in my lap and I’m never sure I’m the right fit.

    Nonetheless, I just got a raise and folks seem to love me. So recognizing I’m fortunate, I had better stick around.

  34. Laid off…then, found new job, but, toxic and meager compensation, so, trying to find a better paying, less toxic job.

  35. Laying off due to AI is just an excuse to allow companies to outsource jobs to other countries.

  36. 2025 was a Shitshow for most people! I have a job but I feel for all of those that don’t have one!

  37. In 2025 I:

    Had a stroke. Got fired from my job for it. Lost my friends for asking for help, turned my family for the same reason, sank $15k into credit card debt, and finally (last week) found a part time job for 6 hours a week.

    It was awesome

  38. So from what I have gathered from this video is:

    – 2022 (the year I graduated college) was absolute peak for everyone’s careers
    – The most stable industries right now are Accounting, Hospitality, Electrical Engineering, and Construction

    Man, Corporate America is beyond cooked at this point 😭😭😭😭

  39. I think the unemployment is a lot higher than we think. The charts and numbers are published by the government and they make up the numbers and the rules as they go.

    • @mzcherrybombshell If Trump laid off and fired thousands and even millions of Federal workers and you have all of these fricken companies doing lay offs; Boeing, Ford, GM, Stalantis, UPS , Fed Ex, Microsoft, IBM, Tyson, Nestlie, Coca-Cola, USPS, Dell, John Deer, Indeed, Linked In you’re not going to have 4.6% unemployment. A lot of these people aren’t going to find another job. The real numbers would be more like 20% unemployment.

    • @sarrjeldidn’t Trump fire the person that reports on the unemployment rates just so they wouldn’t show the real numbers. Probably bet the real numbers are a lot worse than the government is showing, looks like we are gonna experience lost decades like Japan did

  43. Hi man. I got exposed to your channel about a week ago. Your content is informative and and your comments are well-rounded. As you said, being your own boss is not easy. Don’t give up yet. The payoff might be down the road.

  46. 32:24 in 2025 I was laid off from my second full time job, lost my heath insurance, and lost 2 debt collection suits, my bank account hit negative for the first time in my life… and there’s no good openings to apply to online.

  49. Unemployed since August… 4 year college graduate in business and 14 years experience. Can’t get an interview… So frustrated

  50. Been laid off since June 2024. Submitted over 1300 job applications with 15 years executive management experience. Burned through my entire 401(k) currently have no healthcare no dental. Essentially I have run out of hope. Job market has completely imploded

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